extenuated的音標為[?k?stenjue?t?d]，基本翻譯為“減輕的；削弱的；辯解的”，速記技巧為：“exten”表示“延長”，“u”表示“無”，“ated”表示“有…的”。可以理解為：延長無罪責的時間，從而減輕或辯解。

extenuated這個詞的詞源可以追溯到拉丁語，意為“削弱，減輕”。它的變化形式主要有過去式extenuated，現在分詞extenuated，和過去分詞extenuated。

相關單詞：

1. extenuating：adj. 減輕罪過的，辯解的；v. 減輕（extenuate的現在分詞）

2. extenuating circumstances：辯解的情況，開脫的理由

3. extenuating factors：減輕因素，辯解因素

具體解釋為：這些因素有助于說明某人的行為并非完全出于惡意或犯罪，而是出于某種可以理解的情境或壓力之下。這些因素可以減輕行為的嚴重性，提供某種程度的辯解或理解。

例如，在法庭上，辯護律師可能會提出一些extenuating circumstances來為被告開脫。這個詞的使用在英語中非常普遍，而且經常出現在法律、文學和日常對話中。

常用短語：

1. extenuating circumstances 辯解的情節

2. extenuate the situation 緩和局面

3. extenuating circumstances in a case 案情中的辯解情節

4. extenuating circumstances for a crime 對犯罪的辯解情況

5. extenuating circumstances for a person 對某人的辯解情況

6. extenuating circumstances in a person"s character 某人的辯解性格

7. extenuating circumstances in a person"s behavior 某人的辯解行為

例句：

1. The judge considered the extenuating circumstances of the accused and decided to give him a reduced sentence. 法官考慮了被告辯解的情節，并決定給他減刑。

2. The company"s poor performance was partially extenuated by the fact that they had been hit by a series of unexpected events. 公司的業績不佳部分是由于一系列意外事件的發生所導致的。

3. The fact that he was drunk at the time of the accident is an extenuating circumstance that should be taken into account when sentencing him. 在事故發生時他喝醉了，這是在判決他時應考慮的一個辯解情節。

英文小作文：

When it comes to extenuating circumstances, we often think of situations where someone has committed a wrongdoing but there are reasons for their actions that can be explained or justified. These reasons may be personal, emotional, or even physical, but they can help us understand why someone did what they did.

In my opinion, we should always try to understand the reasons behind someone"s actions, even if we disagree with them or think they are unacceptable. This approach can help us to be more tolerant and compassionate towards others, and can also help us to avoid judging or condemning others too quickly.

However, we should always remember that extenuating circumstances do not excuse someone from responsibility for their actions. They can only help us to understand why someone did what they did, but they do not change the fact that they committed a wrongdoing. Therefore, we should always strive to be responsible and accountable for our actions, even if we believe that extenuating circumstances exist.