extenuates的音標為[?k?stenj?e?ts]，基本翻譯為減輕、緩和，速記技巧為：extenuate常和介詞by連用，表示“通過…減輕”。

extenuates這個詞的詞源比較復雜，它包含了拉丁語和法語的一些成分。具體來說，extenuate這個詞的詞源可以追溯到拉丁語的extenuare，意為“使變弱，削弱”。而英語單詞extenuate則是在此基礎上，通過添加前綴和后綴演變而來的。它的意思是“減輕，辯解”。

變化形式：

1. 過去式：extenuated

2. 過去分詞：extenuated

3. 現在分詞：extenuating

相關單詞：

1. extenuating circumstances：辯解的情況，開脫的理由 - 這些情況可以用來減輕罪責。

2. extenuating circumstances can be used to mitigate a person"s guilt - 在這些情況下，人們可以減輕罪責。

3. extenuating factors：辯解的因素 - 這些因素可以用來減輕責任。

4. extenuating circumstances are not a valid defense to a crime - 辯解的情況并不能成為犯罪的有效辯護理由。

5. extenuating circumstances are not a valid defense to a lawsuit - 辯解的情況并不能成為訴訟的有效辯護理由。

6. extenuating circumstances are not a valid excuse for breaking the law - 辯解的情況并不能成為違反法律的借口。

7. extenuating evidence：辯解證據 - 指能夠減輕罪責的證據。

8. extenuating circumstances are not a valid defense in a criminal case - 在刑事案件中辯解的情況并不能成為有效的辯護理由。

9. extenuating circumstances are not a valid excuse for a failure to comply with a legal obligation - 辯解的情況并不能成為不遵守法律義務的有效借口。

10. extenuating factors in a decision-making process：決策過程中的辯解因素 - 在決策過程中，這些因素可能會被考慮進去以減輕某種決定的影響。

常用短語：

1. extenuating circumstances

2. mitigate

3. extenuate the situation

4. balance the scales

5. balance the score

6. balance the accounts

7. wash one"s hands of

例句：

1. The fact that she was drunk at the time of the accident is an extenuating circumstance that should be taken into account when sentencing her.

2. We need to mitigate the situation by taking immediate action to prevent further damage.

3. The company"s poor performance in the recent market crash was balanced by its efforts to support its employees and customers.

4. She knows she has to balance the scales between work and personal life, but she"s struggling to find a balance right now.

5. The accountant washed his hands of any responsibility for the financial irregularities in the company.

6. We need to take responsibility for our actions, but we shouldn"t be blamed for everything that goes wrong in life.

7. The teacher tried to mitigate the impact of the exam failure by explaining that it was just a temporary setback and not a permanent failure of character.

英文小作文：

Balancing Life and Work

Life is full of challenges, and one of the most difficult ones is balancing work and personal life. Whether it"s juggling work emails while cooking dinner or trying to fit in exercise and social activities, it"s easy to feel overwhelmed by the demands of life.

However, it"s important to remember that we all have choices and control over how we approach these challenges. We can"t control everything that happens in our lives, but we can control how we respond to it. By prioritizing our time and energy, we can find a balance between work and personal life that works for us.

For example, setting boundaries and prioritizing our time can help us avoid being overwhelmed by work emails while we"re trying to relax or focus on our personal goals. Similarly, making time for exercise and social activities can help us maintain a healthy lifestyle and build meaningful relationships with others.

In conclusion, balancing work and personal life is a challenge that we all face, but it"s not impossible. By prioritizing our time and making conscious choices, we can find a balance that works for us and live a fulfilling life.