coarsened 的音標是[k?????rs(?)n?d]，基本翻譯是“粗糙的；粗俗的；粗略的”，速記技巧是“coarse（粗糙的）+ -ened（過去分詞詞尾）”。

coarsened這個詞的英文詞源可以追溯到“coarse”和“enlarge”兩個詞。其中，“coarse”意為粗糙的、粗略的，而“enlarge”則表示擴大。因此，“coarsened”的含義就是“粗糙地擴大”。

變化形式：在形式上，coarsened是一個過去分詞，常常在被動語態中使用。

相關單詞：

1. coarse（粗糙的）：這個詞與coarsened密切相關，因為它們都與粗糙有關。

2. enlargement（擴大）：enlarge的名詞形式，與coarsened有直接關聯，因為它們都表示擴大。

3. magnify（放大）：這個詞的含義與coarsened不同，但它們在某種程度上有相似之處，因為它們都與放大有關。

4. coarsest（最粗糙的）：這是一個形容詞形式，用來表示最粗糙的。

5. coarse-grained（粗粒的）：這是一個形容詞形式，用來描述某種物質或物體的顆粒粗細程度。

6. coarse-textured（粗紋理的）：這個詞也用來描述某種物質或物體的紋理粗細程度。

7. enlargeable（可擴大的）：這是一個形容詞形式，用來描述某物是否可以擴大。

8. coarseness（粗糙度）：這是一個名詞形式，用來表示物體的粗糙程度。

9. coarsening（粗糙化）：這是一個名詞形式，用來描述物體逐漸變得粗糙的過程。

10. magnification（放大率）：這個詞與coarsened沒有直接關系，但它在某種程度上也與放大有關，因為它描述的是物體放大的程度。

Coarsened短語：

1. coarsen v. 粗糙化

2. coarsening process 粗糙化過程

3. coarse graining 粗粒化

4. coarseness n. 粗糙度

5. coarse-grained adj. 粗糙的

6. coarsen up 使粗糙化

7. coarse-grading 粗粒化處理

雙語例句：

1. The surface of the stone has been coarsened by the weather.

2. The process of coarsening is irreversible.

3. The image has been coarse-grained to improve its visibility.

4. The texture of the wood has a coarse grain that adds to its character.

5. The sandstone has been coarsened by millions of years of weathering.

6. The surface of the paint has been coarsened by exposure to the elements.

7. The coarse-grained nature of the soil makes it difficult to cultivate.

英文小作文：

Coarsening is a natural process that occurs in many materials, including stone, wood, and paint. As time passes, these materials are subjected to wear and tear, which causes them to become more coarse in texture and appearance. This process is irreversible, as once the material has been coarsened, it cannot return to its original state.

However, coarsening can also be a beneficial process for some materials. For example, in the case of paint, coarsening can improve its durability and resistance to wear by exposing more of the pigment particles, which provide additional protection for the surface of the building or structure. Similarly, in the case of stone, coarsening can add character and texture to the surface, making it more interesting and unique over time.

In conclusion, coarsening is a natural process that occurs in many materials, but it can also be a beneficial process for some materials, depending on the specific application and desired outcome.