coarsen的音標是[k???s??n]，基本翻譯是使粗糙，使粗劣，速記技巧是利用發音相似的英文單詞進行速記。

"Coarsens"這個詞的英文詞源可以追溯到拉丁語"coarsus"，意為“粗糙的，粗略的”。它的變化形式包括其過去式和過去分詞形式"coarsed"，現在分詞形式"coarsening"以及其名詞形式"coarseness"。

相關單詞：

1. "Coarseness"：指的是粗糙，粗略，粗俗，不精細的特點。這個詞可以用來描述人的性格，行為，或者環境的特征。

2. "Coarsen"：意為使粗糙，使粗略。這個詞通常用于描述使某物變得不精細或粗糙的過程。

3. "Coarsely"：意為粗略地，粗糙地，通常用于描述行為或方式。

4. "Coarseness of language"：語言粗俗，用詞粗魯。

5. "Coarsening of society"：社會風氣日趨粗俗。

6. "Coarse sandstone"：粗砂巖，一種常見的巖石類型。

7. "Coarse grinding"：粗磨，一種加工方法。

8. "Coarsen one"s manners"：使某人舉止粗魯。

9. "Coarseness of texture"：紋理粗糙。

10. "Coarse-grained"：顆粒粗大的，粗糙的。

以上這些單詞都與"coarsens"這個詞有直接或間接的關系，反映了其豐富的詞源和廣泛的應用。

常用短語：

1. coarse grain

2. coarse grinding

3. coarse sand

4. coarse sandstone

5. coarse-grained

6. coarse-scale

7. coarsen the texture

例句：

1. The sandstone has been coarsened by the weather.

2. The process of coarsening the texture of a material is known as aging.

3. The sand in the beach has been coarsened by the waves.

4. The effect of coarsening is to make the surface rough and uneven.

5. The process of coarsening grinds down the particles in the material, making it more uniform in size and shape.

6. The texture of the sandstone has been coarsened by the weathering process.

7. The sandstone will continue to coarsen over time as it is exposed to more weathering processes.

英文小作文：

Coarsening is a natural process that occurs in many materials, including sandstone, sand, and soil. As time passes, weathering processes such as wind, rain, and waves cause the particles in the material to grind down, resulting in a more rough and uneven surface texture. This process can be observed in beaches, deserts, and other areas where materials are exposed to weathering conditions for long periods of time.

Coarsening can have various effects on materials, depending on the type of material and the severity of the weathering process. For example, it can make materials more susceptible to damage from abrasion and impact, or it can improve their ability to trap air and water, resulting in better insulation and waterproofing properties. In addition, coarsening can also affect the aesthetic appearance of materials, making them appear less uniform and more natural-looking over time.