gouges的音標是[g?z]，基本翻譯是“挖去；挖成凹槽；挖去某物以示懲罰”。速記技巧是：可以聯想到“溝槽”這個詞，從而幫助記憶。

gouge的英文詞源可以追溯到古英語中的gūga，意為“挖出，挖掉”。它的變化形式包括過去式gouged，現在分詞gouging，以及形容詞gouge-proof（防挖的）。

相關單詞包括：

1. gouge-out（挖空）：指用鑿子或其他工具將物體內部挖空的行為。

2. eye gouge（眼鑿）：一種專門用于雕刻眼睛的工具。

3. gouge-hammer（鑿錘）：一種用于敲擊鑿子的工具，以幫助鑿子更好地切入材料。

這些單詞都與gouge有著密切的關聯，它們的使用也反映了gouge在各種不同場景下的應用。以上解釋僅供參考，如需了解更多信息，請查閱相關書籍或詢問專業人士。

常用短語：

1. gouge each other 互相挖苦

2. gouge out one"s eyes 挖掉某人的眼睛

3. gouge a hole 挖一個洞

4. gouge a price from sb 向某人狠宰一筆

5. gouge a reputation 建立名聲

6. gouge a market 從市場上狠撈一筆

7. gouge a customer 從顧客身上狠撈一筆

雙語例句：

1. They were at each other"s throats, gouging each other"s eyes. 他們互相撕咬，挖苦對方。

2. She gouged a hole in the wall with a knife. 她用刀子在墻上挖了一個洞。

3. The company is trying to gouge a reputation for itself in the market. 公司正在努力狠撈一筆，建立自己的名聲。

4. The seller gouged a price from the buyer, but the buyer was not willing to pay it. 賣方狠宰了一筆，但買方不愿意付錢。

5. The customer was gouged by the seller and complained to the authorities. 顧客被賣家狠撈一筆，向有關部門投訴。

英文小作文：

Gouging in the Marketplace

In the marketplace, there are many situations where people try to take advantage of others by charging high prices or providing poor quality services. This is known as "gouging". Gouging can be very unethical and can lead to conflicts between buyers and sellers.

However, in some cases, gouging can be a necessary evil. For example, when a product is in high demand and there is a limited supply, some people may try to take advantage of the situation by charging high prices. In these cases, it is important to communicate clearly with buyers and explain the situation.

On the other hand, it is important to remember that gouging should not be the norm in the marketplace. It is essential to maintain fairness and transparency in business transactions, so that everyone can trust each other and build trusting relationships. This will help create a more stable and prosperous marketplace environment.