closed shop的音標(biāo)是[?kl??st ??p]，基本翻譯是“關(guān)閉工廠；結(jié)業(yè)；停業(yè)；不接納工會”，速記技巧是：shop關(guān)閉工廠。

Closed Shop的詞源可以追溯到19世紀(jì)，當(dāng)時在美國，一些工會組織開始反對雇主使用“open shop”的做法，即允許工人自由選擇雇主和雇傭條件。Closed Shop這個詞強(qiáng)調(diào)了工人的集體行動和團(tuán)結(jié)，以保護(hù)他們的權(quán)益和工資水平。

變化形式：在拼寫上，Closed Shop沒有明顯的變化形式，但它的發(fā)音和含義可能會隨著時間的推移而有所變化。

相關(guān)單詞：

1. collective：這個詞與Closed Shop有密切關(guān)系，因?yàn)樗鼜?qiáng)調(diào)了工人的集體行動和團(tuán)結(jié)。Collective這個詞來源于拉丁語，意為“一起的，共同的”，可以用來描述工人們?yōu)榱斯餐哪繕?biāo)而團(tuán)結(jié)起來。

2. union：工會是Closed Shop制度的重要組成部分，它代表著工人階級的利益。Union這個詞來源于法語，意為“聯(lián)盟，聯(lián)合會”，可以用來描述工人們?yōu)榱斯餐哪繕?biāo)而組成的組織。

3. wage：在Closed Shop制度中，工人們的工資是由工會和雇主協(xié)商決定的。Wage這個詞來源于英語，意為“工資”，可以用來描述工人的收入。

舉例來說，Closed Shop制度下的工人可能會組織起來成立工會，以保護(hù)他們的工資水平和工作條件。此外，他們還可能會與雇主進(jìn)行談判，以達(dá)成集體協(xié)議來確保工人的權(quán)益得到保護(hù)。因此，與Closed Shop相關(guān)的單詞還包括談判（negotiate）、協(xié)議（agreement）、權(quán)益（rights）等。這些單詞都強(qiáng)調(diào)了工人在Closed Shop制度中的地位和權(quán)利。

常用短語：

1. close down

2. close shop

3. close the door on

4. shut up shop

5. close the business

6. go out of business

7. pull the plug on

例句：

1. The factory has closed down due to financial difficulties.

2. The store has closed its doors to renovate.

3. The shopkeeper has decided to shut up shop for the day.

4. The restaurant went out of business after being plagued by health inspectors.

5. We"re pulling the plug on this project due to lack of funding.

6. The company has been forced to close due to rising costs and falling sales.

英文小作文：

The Importance of Closing Down Old Businesses

In today"s fast-paced world, it"s important to constantly evolve and adapt to changing trends and demands. When a business is no longer profitable or sustainable, it"s time to close down and move on to new opportunities. This is especially true in today"s economy, where businesses must be agile and responsive to market changes.

However, closing down a business doesn"t always come easy, especially when it involves employees and other stakeholders. It can be a difficult decision, but it"s one that"s necessary for the long-term success of a business and for maintaining a healthy economy. By closing down old businesses, we can create new opportunities and opportunities for growth and innovation in other industries and sectors.

Closing down a business also helps to protect the environment and reduce waste. By closing down old businesses that are no longer needed, we can save resources, energy, and reduce pollution. This is especially important in today"s environmentally conscious society, where businesses must take responsibility for their impact on the environment and work towards sustainability.

In conclusion, closing down old businesses is an essential part of business evolution and sustainability. It"s a challenging decision, but it"s one that"s necessary for the long-term success of businesses and for maintaining a healthy economy and environment.