ethnography的音標為[?"θn??gr?f?]，基本翻譯為“人種志學”、“人種志”，速記技巧為：研究不同民族的文化、習俗、信仰等。

Ethnography這個詞的詞源可以追溯到希臘語詞根“ethnos”，意為民族或種族，再加上“graphein”，意為寫作或描述。因此，這個詞的含義就是對一個民族或種族進行描述和研究的學科。

它的變化形式主要有其復數形式“ethnographies”和其過去分詞形式“ethnographed”。

相關單詞有：

1. “ethnic” - 源自希臘語詞根，意為民族的，與ethnography相關，常用于描述具有共同民族背景的人群。

2. “cultural anthropology” - 是一門學科，也涉及到對民族文化的描述和研究，與ethnography有相似之處。

3. “indigenous” - 意為本土的，本土居民，也與ethnography相關，因為ethnography主要研究本土文化。

4. “ethnology” - 意為民族學，是一門研究民族或種族的學科，與ethnography有相似之處。

5. “ethnographic” - 意為民族志的，常用于描述對民族或種族的描述和研究。

6. “ethnographic literature” - 意為民族志文學，是一種以描述和研究民族文化為主題的文學形式。

7. “ethnographic research” - 意為民族志研究，是一種對民族文化進行深入研究的手段和方法。

8. “ethnographic record” - 意為民族志記錄，是一種對民族文化進行記錄和保存的方式。

9. “ethnographic film” - 意為民族志電影，是一種以電影的形式對民族文化進行記錄和傳播的方式。

10. “ethnographic writing” - 意為民族志寫作，是一種以文字的形式對民族文化進行描述和研究的方式。

Ethnography的常用短語：

1. ethnographic research 民族志研究

2. fieldwork ethnography 實地調查民族志

3. detailed ethnography 詳盡的民族志

4. cultural anthropology and ethnography 文化人類學與民族志

5. cross-cultural ethnography 跨文化民族志

6. comparative ethnography 比較民族志

7. methodological ethnography 方法論民族志

雙語例句：

1. We conducted ethnographic research to understand the customers" needs. 我們進行了民族志研究以了解客戶的需求。

2. Fieldwork ethnography is a valuable tool for understanding a culture"s values and beliefs. 實地調查民族志是一種了解一個文化的價值觀和信仰的有價值的工具。

3. Detailed ethnography helps us identify the key factors that drive behavior. 詳盡的民族志幫助我們識別驅動行為的關鍵因素。

4. Cross-cultural ethnography has shown that differences in culture can have a significant impact on behavior. 跨文化民族志表明，文化的差異可以對行為產生重大影響。

5. Methodological ethnography is essential for gaining a deep understanding of a phenomenon or process. 對于深入理解一個現象或過程來說，方法論民族志是至關重要的。

6. We need to conduct comparative ethnography to understand how other cultures deal with similar issues. 我們需要進行比較民族志研究以了解其他文化如何處理類似問題。

7. The study of human behavior is enriched by the insights gained through methodological and cross-cultural ethnography. 通過方法論和跨文化民族志研究所獲得的洞察力使對人類行為的研究更加豐富。

英文小作文：

When conducting ethnographic research, we need to be aware of the cultural differences that exist between individuals and groups. This helps us understand how people think, behave, and interact with each other in different contexts and situations. Through fieldwork, we can observe how people express themselves, how they communicate, and how they make decisions and solve problems in their daily lives. This helps us gain a deeper understanding of their culture and values, which can be helpful in developing products and services that are tailored to their needs and preferences. In addition, we can learn from other cultures by conducting comparative ethnography, which helps us understand how other groups deal with similar issues and challenges. This can help us develop more inclusive and sustainable products and services that are tailored to different cultures and communities around the world.